Different strengthening methods of structural elements in historical buildings including shotcreting, FRP strengthening, steel splint and jacketing and were evaluated using nonlinear finite element analysis

By using ABAQUS, clay brick walls were simulated in both macro and micro models for lateral load analyses

It was found that shotcreting and FRP-strengthening have the most significant effects on increasing the wall’s structural performance, and in some cases, a stiffness raise of up to two times was observed